Courses Computer Architecture 1 PDF
Introduction
One of the clearest truths is that the computer has become an essential part of our daily life. One can very well use, configure, administer, and even program and repair a computer without knowing its inner workings. But, for a computer scientist, it is essential to have a minimum of computer culture such as numeral systems, data representation, the architecture of computers and the operation of their internal components …etc
1. What is a computer:
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as input and processes it with a set of instructions (a program) to produce the result as output. It renders output just after performing mathematical and logical operations and can save the output for future use. It can process numerical as well as non-numerical calculations. The term "computer" is derived from the Latin word "computare" which means to calculate.
A computer is a machine capable of carrying out all kinds of operations and processing such as calculations, handling of textsand images for example. A computer performs automated processing on data: it is capable of transforming, storing and archiving it.
The components of a computer such as machinery that includes wires, transistors, circuits, hard disk are called hardware. Whereas, the programs and data are called software.Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software.
- Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure (concrete aspect), such as the keyboard, mouse, central unit, memory, input/output devices, etc.
It also includes all of the computer's internal parts.
- Software corresponds to any set of instructions, called program, which are contained in the various memories of the system and which define the actions carried out by the hardware. It tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors.
2. What is computer science?
computer science is the study of computers, computing and computational systems, including their theoretical and algorithmic foundations, hardware and software, and their uses for processing information
The Data:
Data can be defined as a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner, which should be suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human or electronic machine. Data is represented with the help of characters such as alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9) or special characters (+,-,/,*,<,>,= etc.)
In a computer science, digital data is a sequence of bits (binary digits) with a value of one or zero. Data is processed by the CPU (central processing unit), which uses logicaloperations to produce new data (output) from source data (input). Datum is a single symbol of data. Data requires interpretation to become information.
Digital data is data that is represented using the binary number system of ones (1) and zeros (0). There are different kinds of data; such are as follows: Sound, Video, Single character, Number (integer or floating-point), Picture, Boolean (true or false), Text (string).
The Information:
Information is organized or classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is the processed data on which decisions and actions are based.Computer information means information in electronic form which is obtained from or through the use of a computer or which is in a form capable of being processed by a computer. The term includes a copy of the information and any documentation or packaging associated with the copy.
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| Courses Computer Architecture 1 PDF |
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